Acta Scientiarum Polonorum

In 2013, monitoring of the embankment foundation structure was installed under the embankment near the
bridge facility along the expressway. The main cognitive objective of the monitoring was observation of the
method of road embankment foundation designed and made by Keller Poland in the form of displacement
columns CSC® (Controlled Stiffness Columns) with transmission layer and steel grid.
As part of the monitoring system, settlement measurements of the embankment, deformations of the steel
grid, vertical pressure on column head and soil surface. Forces and horizontal displacement of the columns
and soil between the columns at the edge of the embankment. Despite the problems during the installation
and maintenance of the efficiency of the measurement system, it was possible to conduct monitoring for over
4 years.
In addition to detailed monitoring results, the authors provided a FEM back analysis of the foundation structure
based on the obtained long-term measurement data, allowing for verification of applied constitutive
models and used calculation methodology.